It is also non-destructive and has unique advantages for the detection of specific components.

3. Other analysis methods

1. Scanning electron microscope (SEM):

By scanning the electron beam to irradiate the surface of the material, the surface morphology and microstructure of the sample are observed to analyze the composition and structure of the sample.

2. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS):

It is a highly sensitive analytical method that can be used to determine the content of metal elements in ceramics.

3. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA):

Analyze the composition and structure of a sample by measuring the temperature difference during heating or cooling.

4. Special methods for ancient ceramics

For ceramic artifacts with special value such as ancient ceramics, non-destructive testing technology is particularly important. The following are some compositional analysis methods applicable to ancient ceramics:

1. Energy X-ray Fluorescence Analysis (EDXRF):

A simple and commonly used non-destructive in-situ measurement method quantitatively determines the composition and content of major and trace chemical components in porcelain bodies, enamel glazes and pigments, and compares them with traceable corresponding standard sample data to achieve traceability and dating.

2. Proton excited X-fluorescence analysis (PIXE):

The sensitivity is higher than EDXRF, it can be both lossy and non-destructive, and it is suitable for in-depth analysis of ancient ceramics.

3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis (SRXRF):

Using synchrotron radiation X-rays as the excitation source, the types and contents of elements in ancient ceramics were analyzed. However, since porcelain will produce long-lived radionuclides after being irradiated by neutrons, it is not suitable for testing ancient folk ceramic collections.